Relative clauses interactive and downloadable worksheet. This practice will help you learn how to reduce an adjective clause to an adjective phrase. As you advance further in the academe, you may also have encountered a discussion about clauses, and those are the independent and dependent clauses. Reduced relative clauses grammar presentation relative clauses with be can often be reduced to phrases. Are the new clauses subject or object relative clauses. Esl grammar worksheets for reduced relative clauses free to download and use in the classroom. A collection of english esl relative clauses powerpoints for home learning, online practice, distance learning and english classes to teach about. In defining clauses, we can omit the relative pronoun in the position of object. See below, in the first sentence the relative pronoun cannot be ommitted because it is the subject of the relative clause the woman spoke. Students usually confuse the omission of relative pronouns with reduced clauses. You may remove the relative pronoun and reduce your sentence in certain conditions. Worksheets are relative clauses work, 1 of 4 participle phrases as reduced relative clauses, relative clauses work 1, relative clauses, relative clauses part i defining non defining, more practice reducing adverb clauses answer key, extra practice reductions, grammar relative. Relative clauses and contact clauses englischtipps. The girl who sits next to peter is my neighbors daughter.
You can do the exercises online or download the worksheet as pdf. Clausetophrase reduction is a process consisting of several steps. Reduced adjective clauses we reduce sentences when you have the same subject in the main clause and the adjective clause. Reduced relative clauses refer to the shortening of a relative clause which modifies the subject of a sentence. Page 1 of 4 participle phrases as reduced relative clauses. Review the rules on relative clauses and youll be able to do this as well. If you choose a wrong answer, youll see an explanation to help you learn from your mistake. More practice reducing adverb clauses change one of the two. The relative pronoun that, which, or who is omitted, and the verb, an active form sits, is sitting, sat, has sat, has been sitting is changed to the present participle form ing. Extra practice reductions reductions are shorter sentences with the same meaning.
The two actions in the sentence must refer to the same subject, be they active. Exercise about participle clauses reduced relative clauses. Reduced relative clauses they are especially common in academic english when the pronoun. The man who wants to talk to you is waiting for you. A relative clause is a type of subordinate clause introduced by a relative pronoun what is the name of that boy who just walked in here the clause who just walked in is an example of a relative clause.
Nondefining relative clauses defining relative clauses these describe the preceding noun in such a way to distinguish it from other nouns of the same class. A relative clause connects ideas by using pronouns that relate to something previously mentioned and allows the writer to combine two independent clauses into one sentence. Live worksheets english english as a second language esl relative clauses reduced relative clauses reduced relative clauses reduced relative clauses exercise adapted from life by national geographic. Some types of relative clauses can be reduced the relative pronoun and maybe other words can be removed. The boy who whom that you dont like much wants to talk to you. It takes lots of practice, so make sure to write down what you learn as you learn online. Pdf relative clause reduction in technical research articles. Heres a worksheet on reduced relative clauses for you to check your students on reduced relative clauses.
The adjective clause in a can be reduced to the adjective phrase in b. Relative clauses should be used after the noun they define. Active the boy who was waiting in the hall expected a phone call. In the worksheet, students first need to decide whether the relative clause can be reduced or not, then make the necessary changes in the sentence to make it shorter. The writing center using reduced relative clauses to write. Where the relative pronoun is the subject of the relative clause, the relative pronouns and any accompanying auxiliary verb can be omitted. Most of the clauses are introduced by a relative pronoun who.
Underline them and identify how they were formed see the example in the first sentence. In addition to reduced clauses, there are also 4 full relative clauses. The writing center using reduced relative clauses to. Another form of reduced relative clause is the reduced.
Relative clause the expert who is giving tomorrows talk on millennials is very well known. Compare how a full clause can be changed to a reduced clause. Grammatik relative clauses and contact clauses 3 exercise 4 fill in the correct relative pronoun who, which or whose. My friends who were living in dorms had a very hard time.
Adjective clauses contain relative pronouns like who, which, or that. An example is the clause i saw in the english sentence this is the man i saw. A relative clause is a type of subordinate clause introduced by a relative pronoun. Reduced relative clause a reduced relative clause is a relative clause that is not marked by an overt complementizer such as that. Participle clauses exercise 1 perfect english grammar. A clause of this kind is essential to clear understanding of the noun. More practice reducing adverb clauses change one of the.
A reduced relative clause is a relative clause that is not marked by an explicit relative pronoun or complementizer such as who, which or that. This is used in an active sense, that is the action in the participle phrase is one which the subject actively performs. With this kind of relative clause, we use commas, to separate it from the rest of the sentence. When creating a reduced relative clause, do not forget to omit both the relative pronoun and the verb be. Reduced adverb clauses in english 2 using reduced adverb. Relative pronouns adjectiverelative clause examples. Here the clause who just walked in is an example of a relative clause. Review defining and nondefining relative clauses and look at reduced relative clauses and clauses using present participles instead of a relative clause. Defining clauses defining clauses specifydefine which personthinganimal is meant. In a nutshell, the thesis we defend in this article is that the horse raced past the barn fell is ungrammatical because the event template meaning of the verb race places the horse in an event structure position that is incompatible with the construction meaning of the reduced relative clause.
Displaying all worksheets related to reduced relative clauses. Most of the clauses are introduced by a relative pronoun who, which, where, whose, when and that. Because fell is the main verb of 1, the reduced relative interpretation of raced is required for a coherent analysis of the complete sentence. Reduced relative clause the expert giving tomorrows talk on millennials is very well known. Reduced relative clauses often give rise toambiguity or garden path effects, and have been a common topicof psycholinguistic study, especially in the field of sentence processing. Develop listening skills though an optional video leadin. Pdf relative clause reduction was analyzed in eighteen published technical research articles. Johnson, who got the highest grade on the test, is happy. We use relative clauses to make clear which person or thing we are talking about.
The reduced adjective clause becomes an adjective phrase, which does not have a subject. This handout specifically addresses the reduction of relative clauses, an advanced grammatical structure commonly found in academic writing. The natural sentence would be the people laid off are all over 60 remember in a reduced relative clause clause you have removed the pronoun and the auxiliary verb. Also, explain why one of these 4 full clauses cannot be reduced. Sometimes, its the meaning conveyed in the reduced relative clause that indicates the tense. Bruce tulgan, a generation y expert, believes this is the result of the way they were raised. Writing reduced relative clauses in academic writing, information tends to be presented in a condensed form. One way of condensing information is to use reduced relative clauses. Relative clauses are complex sentences, and in the ielts examination writing complex sentences plays a very important role, and you also have the knowledge of using these complex sentences in the right places. You may delete the relative pronoun and the be verb when. Many students tend to overlook the basic criteria in using participle clauses. Reduced relative clauses are created by changing the clause to a present or past participle phrase or by using adjectives.
Change one of the two sentences to an adverb clause to combine the two sentences. It shows that the action is done to the subject, not by the subject. You might reduce the clause to make your writing more concise or to add sentence variety. Note, however, that you can only do this when the relative pronoun acts as a subject. Learn english grammar online simple grammar explanations. There are 7 kinds of reduced adjective clauses, as shown in the chart below. My brother, who is an attorney, is going to bermuda on business next week. Remember that the defining clause is not separated from the rest of the sentence by a commacommas.
May 23, 2019 reduced relative clauses refer to the shortening of a relative clause which modifies the subject of a sentence. Live worksheets english english as a second language esl relative clauses relative clauses relative clauses fill in the blanks, complete. People who are given a second chance should be more careful. How to reduce clauses to phrases in english sentences. You may remove the relative pronoun and reduce your sentence in. Time adverb clause reductions change from adverb clause sv to an adverb phrase book page 374 rule. A relative clause is placed after the noun that it modifies. We also use relative clauses to give more information about a person, thing or situation lord thompson, who is 76, has just retired. Reduced relative clauses modify the subject and not the object of a sentence. Feb 03, 2012 a reduced relative clause, however, tells us something about a noun phrase in your example the people, not an action so having been wouldnt make a lot of sense here. The most obvious feature of this type of reduced clause is that the relative pronoun is left out and the verb following the noun always ends in ing. Relative pronouns adjective relative clause examples. Reduced relative clauses relative clauses add additional information about a noun in a sentence.
Reduced relative clauses academic english online mafiadoc. Having been trained for 2 years, he has become very skilful in the trade. A reduced relative clause, however, tells us something about a noun phrase in your example the people, not an action so having been wouldnt make a lot of sense here. Relative pronouns and relative clauses learnenglish.
In nondefining sentences you neither omit the relative pronoun nor use that. The modifier with a full finite clause is changed to a modifier with a reduced nonfinite clause. The building that is across from robinson hall a is the fenwick library the building across from robinson hall a is the fenwick library the two sentences above have completely identical meaning, but the number of words to express the same idea is different. Johnson is happy, he got the highest grade on the test. English grammar reduced relative clauses esl activities. Worksheets are relative clauses work, 1 of 4 participle phrases as reduced relative clauses, relative clauses work 1, relative clauses, relative clauses part i defining non defining, more practice reducing adverb clauses answer key, extra practice reductions, grammar relative clauses work answer key when.
Posted on december 14, 2014 by mhardy3222 there are a few ways in which we can reduce relative clauses. The building across from robinson hall a is the fenwick library. Unreduced forms of this relative clause would be this is the man that i saw. A reduced adjective clause begins with either a present participle or a past participle. English esl relative clauses powerpoint presentations. The building that is across from robinson hall a is the fenwick library. Aug 24, 20 a relative clause is a type of subordinate clause introduced by a relative pronoun. A participle can often be used instead of a relative pronoun and full verb. Relative clauses and adjective phrases truefalse the second sentence accurately describes information in the first sentence. Develop writing skills and practice using relative clauses accurately and appropriately thought an optional writing activity. Participle clauses exercise 2 perfect english grammar. In this kind of relative clause, we can use that instead of who or which. The following esl efl resources are available for reduced relative clauses grammar. This is usually referred to as a reduced relative clause and can only be applied to subject relative clauses not object relative clauses.
Relative clauses introduction there are two types of relative clauses. I met rebecca in town yesterday, which was a nice surprise. When the pronoun is an object, you cannot reduce clauses to phrases. I caught a ride with tony, whose car barely made it up the hill. Reduced relative clauses replace the relative clause by a participle construction ing for active and ed for passive while keeping the rest of the sentence unchanged. Reduced relative clauses worksheets lesson worksheets. The girl sitting next to peter is my neighbors daughter. Reduce a subject relative clause by omitting the relative pronoun that, which, who and be. With this is mind, one type of a dependent clause or subordinate clause is an adverb or adverbial clause. Reducing relative clauses is difficult to understand. Well use the examples above to demonstrate how to reduce both restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses. Identify these full clauses and indicate how they can be reduced. We can use participle clauses after a noun in the same way as relative clauses. This is a clause that generally modifies a noun or a noun phrase and is often introduced by a relative pronoun which, that, who, whom, whose.
Put the relative pronoun in brackets if you can leave it out. When the relative pronoun is the subject of the clause, it cannot be omitted. Heres an exercise to fill in the blanks forming the participle clause with the information provided. The manager who has been with the company for five years is leaving.